Def: The expulsion of the product of conception at any period of gestation before full tern of pregnancy.
Classification of abortion:
1 . Natural < a) Spontaneous b) Accidental .
2. Artificial –< a) Justifiable or therapeutic b) Criminal or illegal
Causes
A. Mother’s causes –
1.Infection or poison –Small pox
Rubella
Plague
Malaria
Streptococcal inf.
Influenza
Syphilis
Lead
2. disease affecting circulation of blood.
Anaemia of mother
Chr. Nephritis
Rh factor
Jaundice
Heart and lung diseases.
3. Disease acting through nervous system
Sudden shock , fever , joy , sorrow .
Reflex action due to irritation of rectum and bladder.
4. Local action – Inflammation
chr displacement by fibroid.
Congenital malformation of
uterus.
5. Physical factor which separate the ovum e.g. blow
Causes due to fetus:
1. death of the fetus due to
Faulty development
Hormonal imbalance
Syphilis
foetal anaemia
2. Disease of the decidua –
inflammation and fibrous degeneration of placenta
Placental insufficiency
Placental tumour
Abratio placenta
Placenta previa.
Complication of criminal abortion
1. Immediate –
i) Shock due to
Neurogenic
Vagal inhibition
Hypovolumia
Ii) Air embolism
Iii) Amniotic fluid embolism
Iv) uterine perforation .
2. Early complication – infection, septicemia Pyaemia, tetanus ,Gangreen,Pelvic or general peritonitis ,Sulphingitis,Pelvic abscess ,Acute abdomen .
3.remote— Jaundice. Renal suppression ,pneumonia , meningitis.
4. Late – Sub involution of uterus,Menorregia, Leucorrhoea, ill health, severe anaemia, dysperonia,chr PID, Sterility.
Sign & Symptom:
External –
1.signs of general violence,
2. Marked cyanosis in air embolism
3evidence of irritation
4. Local exam – Perineal tear, laceration, marks of instrumentation ,ante mortem hge,inflammation, evidence of sepsis-irritation, FB ma be found.
Treatment:
- Medical
- Surgical